Bhanga (Cannabis sativa)

Botanical Name: Cannabis sativa

Family: Cannabaceae

Description: Bhanga, commonly known as Cannabis or Hemp, is an annual herbaceous plant with a sturdy, upright stem that can grow up to 5 meters tall. The leaves are palmately compound with serrated leaflets, typically arranged in pairs. The plant produces small, greenish flowers that can be male or female, and the fruits are small, hard seeds known as hemp seeds.

Occurrence: Bhanga is native to Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. It is widely cultivated across the world in tropical and temperate regions for its fiber, seeds, and medicinal properties. It grows well in well-drained, fertile soils with ample sunlight.

Chemical Constituents:

• Cannabinoids (THC, CBD, CBN)
• Terpenoids
• Flavonoids
• Alkaloids
• Fatty acids
• Proteins
  
  
  

Guna (Properties):

• Rasa (Taste): Tikta (bitter), Kashaya (astringent)
• Virya (Potency): Ushna (hot)
• Vipaka (Post-digestive effect): Katu (pungent)
  
  
  

Uses:

1. Analgesic: Provides relief from pain.
2. Anti-inflammatory: Reduces inflammation and treats conditions like arthritis.
3. Sedative: Acts as a sedative and aids in sleep.
4. Antispasmodic: Alleviates muscle spasms and cramps.
5. Appetite Stimulant: Increases appetite and treats conditions like anorexia.
6. Nervine Tonic: Supports the nervous system and reduces anxiety and stress.
   
   
   

Mode of Action: Bhanga’s analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties are primarily due to its cannabinoid content, particularly THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol), which interact with the endocannabinoid system in the body. These compounds bind to cannabinoid receptors, modulating pain perception and reducing inflammation. Its sedative effect helps in promoting relaxation and sleep by depressing the central nervous system. The antispasmodic action of Bhanga alleviates muscle spasms by relaxing smooth muscles. Additionally, its ability to stimulate appetite makes it useful in treating anorexia and other conditions associated with weight loss.

Home Remedies:

1. For Pain Relief: Mix a small amount of Bhanga powder with honey or warm milk and consume it to alleviate pain.
2. For Inflammation: Apply a paste made from Bhanga leaves externally on the affected area to reduce inflammation.
3. For Sleep Aid: Prepare a decoction of Bhanga leaves and consume it before bedtime to promote sound sleep.
4. For Muscle Spasms: Take a small amount of Bhanga powder with warm water to relieve muscle spasms.
5. For Appetite Stimulation: Consume Bhanga seeds roasted or in powder form to increase appetite.
   
   
   

Dosage:

• Powder: 125-250 mg, twice a day with honey or warm milk or as directed by an Ayurvedic practitioner.
• Decoction: 50-100 ml, once or twice a day.
• Paste: Apply externally as needed.
  
  
  

Diseases and Conditions Treated with Bhanga

1. Vedana (Pain Management)

   • Conditions: Chronic pain, joint pain, and neuralgia.
   • Explanation: Bhanga’s potent analgesic properties help manage severe pain effectively.

2. Anidra (Insomnia)

   • Conditions: Disturbed sleep patterns and insomnia.
   • Explanation: Bhanga’s sedative effect promotes restful sleep and calms the mind.

3. Shiroroga (Headache)

   • Conditions: Migraine, tension headaches, and stress-related headaches.
   • Explanation: Its ability to relax nerves helps alleviate headaches.

4. Apasmara (Epilepsy)

   • Conditions: Seizures and neurological disorders.
   • Explanation: Bhanga helps stabilize abnormal nervous activity and reduce seizure episodes.

5. Agnimandya (Weak Digestive Fire)

   • Conditions: Indigestion, bloating, and loss of appetite.
   • Explanation: Bhanga stimulates digestive fire and improves metabolism.

6. Atisara (Diarrhea)

   • Conditions: Diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome.
   • Explanation: Bhanga’s astringent properties help control excessive bowel movements.

7. Vata Vyadhi (Neurological Disorders)

   • Conditions: Neuropathy, paralysis, and muscle spasms.
   • Explanation: It pacifies vata and provides relief from nerve-related conditions.

8. Unmada (Psychological Disorders)

   • Conditions: Anxiety, stress, and mental agitation.
   • Explanation: Bhanga’s calming effect helps stabilize the mind.

9. Shwasa (Respiratory Disorders)

   • Conditions: Asthma and bronchial spasms.
   • Explanation: Its bronchodilator effect helps in respiratory relief.

Ayurvedic Formulations Containing Bhanga

1. Trailokya Vijaya Vati

   • Indications: Chronic pain, insomnia, and anxiety.
   • Bhanga’s Role: Acts as a primary ingredient to calm the mind and relieve pain.

2. Vijaya Taila

   • Indications: Joint pain, inflammation, and neuropathy.
   • Bhanga’s Role: Provides localized pain relief and reduces inflammation.

3. Sarpagandhadi Vati

   • Indications: Hypertension, stress, and anxiety.
   • Bhanga’s Role: Enhances the sedative and calming properties of the formulation.

4. Chaturmukha Rasa

   • Indications: Epilepsy and neurological disorders.
   • Bhanga’s Role: Stabilizes nerve function and reduces seizures.

5. Mahanarayana Taila

   • Indications: Arthritis, muscle stiffness, and paralysis.
   • Bhanga’s Role: Contributes to the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the oil.

6. Agnitundi Vati

   • Indications: Digestive disorders and bloating.
   • Bhanga’s Role: Stimulates digestive fire and alleviates digestive discomfort.

Harmful Effects and Cautions

1. Addiction and Dependency

   • Explanation: Bhanga has a high potential for abuse and addiction if used inappropriately.

2. Psychological Effects

   • Explanation: Overuse can lead to confusion, hallucinations, and paranoia.

3. Respiratory Issues

   • Explanation: Smoking or inhaling Bhanga may harm lung health and cause respiratory irritation.

4. Impaired Cognitive Function

   • Explanation: Long-term use can impair memory, concentration, and overall cognitive function.

5. Cardiovascular Concerns

   • Explanation: High doses may cause palpitations, increased heart rate, and hypotension.

6. Pitta Aggravation

   • Explanation: Excessive use can aggravate pitta, leading to hyperacidity, inflammation, and skin disorders.

7. Contraindications

   • Pregnancy and Lactation: Bhanga is contraindicated due to potential harm to the fetus or infant.
   • Children: Should not be used in pediatric populations without strict medical supervision.
     
     

Note: Due to its potent psychoactive effects and potential for dependency, Bhanga should be used under strict supervision of a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner. Dosage may vary based on individual health conditions and legal regulations regarding its use.

Bhanga is a valuable herb in Ayurveda, known for its wide range of therapeutic benefits, particularly for pain relief, anti-inflammatory effects, and as a nervine tonic. However, its use requires careful management due to its strong psychoactive properties.