Kupilu (Nux Vomica) in Ayurveda

Botanical Name

Strychnos nux-vomica

Family

Loganiaceae

Description

Kupilu, commonly known as Nux Vomica, is a medium-sized deciduous tree that can grow up to 12 meters in height. The tree has a short, crooked trunk with a rough bark and is often recognized by its round, greenish-yellow fruit. The seeds, which are the main medicinal part, are flat, disc-shaped, and covered with silky hairs.

Occurrence

Kupilu is native to India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia. It typically grows in dry deciduous forests and is also cultivated in some regions for its medicinal properties.

Chemical Constituents

The seeds of Kupilu contain several active alkaloids, primarily:

• Strychnine: A potent central nervous system stimulant.
• Brucine: A less toxic alkaloid compared to strychnine, also with stimulating properties.
• Loganin: An iridoid glycoside.
• Fixed oils and fatty acids: Present in small quantities.
  
  

Guna (Qualities)

• Rasa (Taste): Bitter (Tikta)
• Virya (Potency): Heating (Ushna)
• Vipaka (Post-digestive effect): Pungent (Katu)
• Guna (Properties): Light (Laghu), Dry (Ruksha)
  
  

Uses

Kupilu is used in Ayurveda for various medicinal purposes, primarily due to its stimulant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is employed in:

• Digestive disorders: As a digestive stimulant.
• Nervous system disorders: To treat paralysis, neuralgia, and muscle weakness.
• Joint and muscle pain: As an anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving agent.
• Respiratory ailments: To treat chronic bronchitis and asthma.
  
  

Mode of Action

Kupilu works by stimulating the central nervous system, increasing alertness, and improving muscular tone. The alkaloid strychnine specifically enhances reflex excitability, which can be beneficial in treating conditions involving muscle weakness and paralysis.

Home Remedies

Due to its toxicity, Kupilu should never be used in home remedies without proper purification (Shodhana) and supervision by a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner. The seeds are typically detoxified using methods like boiling in cow’s milk or ghee to reduce their toxicity.

Dosage

The dosage of purified Kupilu varies based on the condition being treated and the form in which it is administered. Generally, very small doses (around 30-60 mg of the purified extract) are used. However, due to its potent and toxic nature, it must be administered under strict medical supervision to avoid serious side effects.

Caution

• Toxicity: Kupilu is highly toxic in its raw form. Proper purification is essential before any use.
• Contraindications: Not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women, children, or individuals with liver or kidney disease.
• Side Effects: Improper use can lead to severe side effects, including convulsions, muscle stiffness, and even death.

Conclusion

Kupilu is a powerful herb in Ayurveda with significant medicinal benefits when used correctly. Due to its potential toxicity, it should only be used under the guidance of a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner to ensure safety and efficacy.